la,sfhdameg%d l=udßldj'''''
weh w;sYhskau rEu;a ldka;djl jQjdh' mqrdK Bðma;= jeishka úYajdi lf<a uehkï whsisia (Isis) fojÛkla mqk¾Njhla ,nd ñysu; my< jQ .eyekshl úh hq;= njhs'
jir oyia .Kklg miqjo wms ta fid÷re <| yd ùfrdaodr rdcH kdhsldj ms<sn|j úYaufhka l;d ny lruq' weh l%sia;= mQ¾j 69 isg l%s' mQ' 30 olajd jir 29 la Bðma;=j md,kh l< i;ajk la,sfhdameÜrd ;shd msf,dafmag¾ ^Cleopatra viii Thea Philopator& fkdfyd;a la,sfhdameÜrd /ðKshhs'
la,sfhdameÜrdf.a kdih fláj ;snqKd kï uq¿ f,dalfhau uqyqkqjr óg jvd fjkiajkakg fndfyda ÿrg bv ;snqKd' íf,ia fmaisâ ^Blaise Pased& kï od¾Ykslhd jfrl tfia mejiqfõh' ta la,sfhdameÜrdf.a È.= kdih wef.a reje;s rej ;j ;j;a Tmj;a l< neúks'
l%s' mQ' 69 § wjidk jYfhka Bðma;= rdcH md,kh l< fgd,ñ rdcjxYslhd jkafkao wehhs' oy wg jk úfha isg ;sia jk úh olajd jQ §¾> ld, mßÉfþoh ;=< fkdfhl=;a hqo wdrjq,a uOHfha fkdie,S fkdìhj ;u rch mj;ajd f.k hkakg weh iu;a jQjdh' je¥ orejka isõ fokdu rdcH kdhlhka njg m;alrkakg ;rï ffO¾hjka; jQ tu hlv .eyeksh rcjrekaf.a /ðk ^The Queen of Kings& hk wkaj¾: kdufhka o msÿï ,enqjdh'
.%Sl iïNjhla ,en Wmka i;ajk la,sfhdameÜrd yg isáfha tla wdÉÑ wïud flfkla yd tla iShd flfkla muKls' ta Bðma;= iïm%odhg wkqj wef.a uj yd mshd tlu mjqf,a orejka fofokl= jQ neúks'
l%s' mQ¾j 51 § ish msh rcdKkaf.a iydh md,sldj jYfhka rdcH md,khg yjq,a jQ weh Tyqf.a urKfhka miqj Bðma;=fõ w.% md,sldj njg m;a jQjdh' ta iu.u weh wef.a oi úhE;s fidfydhqre jQ fgd,ñ XII iu.ska iïm%odhdkql+,j újdy jQ w;r Tyq wehf.a iu md,lhd jYfhka o m;a flßKs'
la,sfhdameÜrd rdcH kdhsldj jQ uq,a jir lsysmh ;=< wehg ÿIalr;d rdYshlg uqyqK mEug isÿ úh' jfrl id.;hlska o ;j;a jfrl khs,a .Û msgdr .e,Sfuka yg.;a nrm;< .xj;=r ;;a;ajhlskao ta yd iu.dój we;sjQ wd¾:sl ÿIalr;djhkaf.kao Bðma;= jeisfhda uy;a fia mSvd úkaody'
l%sia;= mQ¾j 47 § weh fgd,ñ iu. ishÆ iïnkaO;d w;ayer rdcH f,aLkj,ska Tyqf.a kuo lmd yeßhdh' Bðma;= ldisj, ;udf.a uqyqfKa rej muKla fhdokakgo weh lghq;= l<dh'
idudkH iïm%odhg wkqj mqreI mlaIfha iu md,lhka we;s úfgl ia;%S mlaIh uQ,sl;ajh f.k l%shdlsÍu fkd lghq;=úh' tfy;a la,sfhdmeÜrd tlS iïm%odhhka wNsnjd .shdh'
frdauh y;=frl= fldg .;a weh n,iïmkak md,lhl= jQ .ìkshdks ^Gabiniani& iu. igkg msúishdh' frdau yuqodj úiska isßhdfõ md,l ììhq,iaf.a ^Bibulus& mq;=ka kid oeóug tfrysj weh ììhq,ia yg ;u ñkSure yuqodfõ iydh ,nd§u fya;=fjka frdauh yd Bðma;=j fuf,i i;=rka njg m;ag m;ajQy'
weh tf,i igkag msg;a jQfha fgd,ñ XIII yg kej;;a iu md,l Oqrh mjrd foñks'
fï w;r tjlg frdufha wêm;sj isá cq,shia iSi¾ Bðma;=j w,a,d .;af;ah' fgd,ñ XIII n,fhka my flreKq w;r n, rys; jQ la,sfhdameÜrd iu. iSi¾f.a fma%u iïnkaO;djla f.dvke.sKs' Tõyq uqK .eiSu i|yd fkdfhl=;a l%fudamdhhka fhdod .;ay' jrla uqrlrejka f.ìu irik m,il T;d la,sfhdmeÜrd iSi¾ fj; .sh nj o lshEfõ'
ta jk úg iSi¾f.a jhi wjqreÿ 52 la jQ w;r la,sfhdmeÜrd úistla yeúßÈ jQjdh' fma%u iïnkaO;dj wdrïNù udi kjhlska Tõyq újdy jQy' fï w;r fgd,ñ XIII yuqodjlao /f.k kej; Bðma;=j w,a,d.ekSfï wruqK we;sj khs,a .x ;Srfha§ igkg t<eôfhah' tfy;a fgd,ñ mrdchg m;aúh' iSi¾ úiska Tyq khs,a .fÛys .s,ajd >d;kh lrkq ,eîh' la,sfhdmeÜrd yg kej;;a Bðma;=fõ isxydikh ysñ úh' fgd,ñ XIV wef.a iu md,lhd njg m;a flßKs'
la,sfhdmeÜrd l%s' mQ' 48 § iSi¾godj mqf;l= jeÿjdh' fgd,ñ iSi¾ fkdfyd;a l=vd iSi¾ fyda isfiaßhka kñka ye¢kajqKq tu orejd ms<sn| iSi¾ t;rï ;elSula fkdl< nj mejfia' fgd,ñ iSi¾ frdaufha Wreulaldrhd jkq olskakg la,sfhdameÜrd g Wjukd jQ kuqÿ iSi¾ tu moúhg kï lf<a Tyqf.a {;s mq;%fhl= jQ ~~TlafÜúhka~~h' frdau l=, ldka;djl yd újdy ù isá iSi¾ f.a iy la,sfhdameÜrdf.a in|;djh ms<sn|j frdau jeishka isáfha wm%idofhks' ta flfia jqj reúka w.;ekam;a jQ la,sfhdameÜrd iSi¾ úiska w;ayer oukq ,enqfõ ke;' l%s' mQ' 46 .sïydk iufha§ la,sfhdmeÜrd isáfha frdaufha ;kjd ;snQ iSi¾f.a ukaÈrhlh' weh tys .sfha l=vd iSi¾ o iu.sks'
iSi¾ weh fjkqfjka frdaufhys mQckSh ia:dkhla jQ ^Temple of Venus& ys wef.a rka rejlao b¢fldg ;sìKs' tu m%;sudj y÷kajkq ,enqfõ whsisia fojÛk ke;fyd;a iSi¾ mjqf,a wdÈ {d;sjßhlf.a m%;srEmh yeáhgh'
la,sfhdameÜrd frdaufha /£ isá tu .sïydkfha§ l%s' mQ' 44 § tkï iSi¾ >d;khg ,la jQfhah' weh kej; Bðma;=jg meñKshdh' fï w;r fgd,sñ XIV u<jqka w;rg msúisfha Tjqkaf.au jeäuy,a ifydaoßhl úiska úI j¾.hla YÍr.; lrùfuks' la,sfhdameÜrd kej;;a Bðma;= md,kh wdrïN lf<a wef.a mq;a iSi¾ fgd,ñ yg wkd.; Wreuldr;ajh mjrd foñks' Tyq wef.a iu.dó md,lhd njgo m;a flßKs'
l%s' mQ' 41 jeks úg frdaufha hqo kdhlhdj isáfha udla wekagksh' Tyq iSi¾f.a {;s mq;%fhl= o jQfhah'
Tyq wehf.ka Wmldr b,a,d isáfha md;shkaia jrkag ^m¾ishka& úreoaOj igkla wdrïN jQ neúks' weh Tyqf.a b,a,su ms<s.;a;dh' udla wekagks" TlafÜúhka we;=¿ hqo fmruqKg iydh jkakg weh Bðma;=fõ w. k.rh jQ wef,laiekaä%hdjg keõ kex.dh' fkdis;+ mßÈ wef.a keõ mx;sh l=Kdgqjlg yiq úh' .%Sisfha fjrf<ys wef.a keõ leã ì£ kgnqkaj .sh w;r weh wikSm úh'
fuu isÿùu ;=,ska la,sfhdameÜrd yd udla wekagks w;r yg.;a in|;djh ÿr È. .sfhah' udla wekagks tu YS; iD;=j .; lf<a wef,laiekaä%hdfõh' ta la,ssfhdameÜrd /ðksho iu.sks' l%sia;= mQ¾j 40 foieïn¾ úismiajeks Èk la,sfhdameÜrd ksjqka orejl= yd oeßhl ìys l<dh' wef.a ÈhKsh fojk la,sfhdameÜrd fi,ska kï jQ w;r mq;Kqjka wef,laiekav¾ yS,shia kï úh' ;j;a isõjirlg miqj udla wekagksg odj weh f;jk orejdgo Wm; ,nd ÿkakdh' tu orejd yg fgd,ñ ms,fv,amia hEhs ;eìKs' miq ld,Skj ksjqka ÈhKsh ,sìhdfõo ksjqka mq;%hd wdfïkshdfõo ;=kajk mq;%hd isßhdfõo rdcH kdhlhka njg m;a jQy'
la,sfhdmeÜrd udla wekagkS iu. tlaj f.jQ ta hq.fha§ Bðma;=fõ Okj;a yd iduldó rgla f,i mej;sKs' udla wekagks i|yd weh meje;ajQ tla rd;%s fNdack ix.%yhla fjkqfjka fiiag¾iia kï jQ ߧ ldis ñ,shk oyhla jeh l< nj lshEfõ'
l%sia;= mQ¾j 48 § frdau wêm;s jQ TlafÜúhka la,sfhdmeÜrd yd hqo jeÿfKah'th Sea battle at Actium hEhs kï flßKs' fuys§ igkg jka udla wekagks mrdch fya;=fjka ish Èú kid .;a njo ta wdrxÑfhka lïms; jQ la,sfhdmeÜrd kd.fhla oaIaG lrjd .ekSfuka ureuqjg m;a jQ njo mejfia'
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