23' pdm, ) fuh;a wdrlaIs; Wml%uhla' i;=re úudkhla ÿgq úg§" wjg jd;h fõ.fhka l,Ujd tu úudkh lïmkh lrùu fï kñka ye¢kafjkjd' fuys§ le,UqKq jdhq ;rx. j, fõ.h mehg jg 4087la muK jqKdÆ'
24' i¾jf;dauqL ) i;=re úudkhka /ila tljr meñfKk úg§ ;u úudkh fõ.fhka N%uKh lrñka iEu ÈYdjlgu tljr uqyqK,Efï l%uh fufia ye¢kafõ' fuh isÿ lsÍug úudkh uqÿfka ;snQ h;=rla Ndú;d l< nj i|yka fjkjd'
25' mdrYío .%dyl ) úudkh ;=, ;sì,d ;sfhkjd fjk;a úudk j, isÿjk l;dnyg ijka Èhyels WmlrKhla' fuh ks¾udKh lr ;sfnkafka merKs bf,lafg%dksla úoHdj wkqj' w;S;fha§ bf,lafg%dksla úoHdj y÷kajd ;sfhkafka fi!odñ” l,d hk kñka' fï hka;%h l%shd lrùug;a wdpd¾hjrfhl= bf.k.; hq;=hs'
26' rEmdl¾Ik ) fïl;a wê;dlaIKsl WmlrKhla' fjk;a hdkd ;=, isÿjk foaj,a rEmjdyskS ;srhla u;g f.k o¾Ykh lsÍfï yelshdj fï hka;%hg ;sì,d ;sfhkjd' w;S;fhaÈ fufyu ks¾udK fldfydu l,do lsh,d ug kï ys;d.kak;a wudrehs'
27' l%shd.%yK ) úudkh .=jfka ;sfnk úg§ fmdf<dfõ isÿfjk foaj,a ksÍlaIKh lsÍfï ;dlaIKh fufia ye¢kafjkjd' fuh lr ;sfnkafka fufyuhs' uq,skau hdkh m;=f,a msysá h;=rla Ndú;d lr iqÿ meye;s ;srhla o¾Ykh ùug i,iajkjd' bkamiqj hdkfha BYdk fldgfia§ úfYaI wï, j¾. ;=kla úoHq;a wdfrdamKhlg ,lalr ysre t,sh iu. ñY% lr ;%S YS¾I kï o¾mkhg iïnkaO kd,hla yryd hjd by; lS ;srh o¾mkhla njg m;a lrkjd' túg tu o¾mkh u; fmdf<dfõ isÿjk foaj,a o¾Ykh jqKdÆ'
28' Èlam%o¾Yk ) úudkh bÈßfha msysá h;=rla u.ska ÈYdïm;s hka;% kï hka;%h l%shd;aul lr i;=re hdkd meñfKk ÈYdj l,a;shd oek.ekSfï l%uh fufia ye¢kafõ'
29' wdldYdldr ) fïl ;j;a fjia j,d.ekSfï l%uhla' l¿ meye;s uhsld o%djKhla ;j;a ridhksl o%jH iu. ñY% lr hdkfha msg; nf|a wdf,am lr ysret,sh ta yryd mrdj¾;kh lsÍfuka hdkh iy wdldYh fjka lr y÷kd.ekSug wmyiq ;;ajhg m;a lsÍu fuys§ isÿ fõ'
30' c,orEm ) fïl;a l,ska l%uh jf.au l%uhla' fuys§ lrkafka ridhksl o%jH ñY%Khla úudkfha wdf,am lr th j,dl=,la fia Èiajkakg ie,eiaùuhs' fuu ridhksl o%jH j,g fo¿ï hqI" wn l=vq" ud¿ fldrfmd;= j,ska iE¥ lidhla" ;U ,jK" ismams lgq jeks foa;a fhdodf.k ;sfhkjd'
31' ia:íOl ) fuys§ wmiaudr OQu kï úI ÿula m%;sjd§ úudk fj;g fhduq lr tys .uka lrkakkaj isyske;s lsÍu isÿ lrkjd' hdkfha W;=re foiska msysá kd,hla yryd fï ÿu hjk w;r th i;=re hdkh foig m%lafIamkh lrkafka ia:ïNk hka;% kï hka;%hla u.ska'
32' l¾Ik ) fïl ;uhs úudkdpd¾hjrfhla bf.k.;hq;= wka;su l%ufõoh' ;u úudkh foig i;=re úudkhlska m%ydrhla t,a, jk úg§ tu hdkh fj; wêl WIaK;ajhlska hq;= ;dm m%ydrhla t,a, lr th úkdY lr oeóu fufia ye¢kafjkjd'
oeka wms úudkdpd¾hjrfhla bf.k.;hq;= l%ufõo 32 u oekf.k bjrhs' óg wu;rj wyfia msysá m%foaY 5 la ms<sn|jo úudkdpd¾hjrfhla oekisáh hq;=hs' ta m%foaY 5 fufia ye¢kafjkjd'
1 f¾Ldm;a:
2 uKav,
3 llaI
4 Yla;s
5 flakao%
jd,añlS .Ks;h kï fmdf;ys i|yka fjk úÈyg f¾Ldm;a: m%foaYh ;=, .=jka ud¾. 70"300"800la" uKav, m%foaYh ;=, .=jka ud¾. 200"800"200la" llaI m%foaYh ;=, .=jka ud¾. 20"900"300la" Yla;s m%foaYh ;=, .=jka ud¾. 1"001"300la iy flakao% m%foaYh ;=, .=jka ud¾. 3"008"200la mj;skjd'
ffjudKsl Ydia;% fmdf;a ;sfhk úÈyg fï .=jka m%foaY my ;=, fjk;a f,dal y;lg hd yels .=jka ud¾.;a 519"800 la ;sì,d ;sfhkjd' ys;d.kakj;a neß ;rï f.dvla fkao''' ta f,dal y; fufia ye¢kafjkjd'
1 NQf,dal
2 NQj¾f,dal
3 iQj¾f,dal
4 ufydaf,dal
5 cfkdaf,dal
7 ;fmdaf,dal
8 i;Hf,dal
uu kï óg l,ska fufyu f,dal .ek wy,d keye' iuyrúg fjk;a Ôùka jdih lrk fï fjkfldg wms fkdokakd .%yf,dal fjkak we;s' ta lshkafka w;S;fha§ mD:sújdiSka fjk;a f,dal j, isák Ôùka iu.;a .kqfokq lr we;s njg idOlhla úÈyg fuh i,lkak mq¿jka'
ffjudksl Ydia;% fmdf;a lshk úÈyg úudkhl uQ,sl hdka;%K 31 la ;sì,d ;sfhkjd' fïjhska fndfyduhl kduhka óg l,ska uu ,shmq ,sms j,;a i|yka fj,d we;s' ta;a ,sms fm< iïmQ¾K fjkak ´fka ksid uu hdka;%K 31 u oeka i|yka lrkakï'
úudkfhka mßNdysrj isÿjk l%shd ksÍlaIKh lsÍu i|yd jk úYajl%shd o¾mkh
Yla;s wjfYdaIKh i|yd fhdod .kakd Yla;Hdl¾Yk o¾mkh'
hdkfha jy,fha msysgd we;s mßfõY hdka;%Kh'
*wxf.damiïNdr hdka;%Kh
*úia;D;l%shd hdka;%Kh
*úrEmH o¾mkh
*hdkfha bÈßmi msysgd we;s moaupl%uqL hdka;%Kh'
*hdkfha bÈß f., m%foaYfha msysgd we;s l=ka;sks)Yla;s hdka;%Kh'
*hdkfha ol=Kq mi msysgd we;s mqIams” o¾mkh iy msxcq, o¾mkh'
*hdkfha bÈß jïmi msysgd we;s kd,mxpl fyj;a kd, j¾. my'
*.=yd.¾N o¾mkh'
*hdkfha jhU foi we;s ;fudahka;%h'
*mxp jd;ialkaO kd,'
*fr!o%S o¾mkh'
*jd;ialkaO lS,l'
*hdkh bÈßmi iy ol=Kqmi msysgd we;s Yla;sia:dk hdka;%Kh'
*hdkfha jï mi msysgd we;s Yío)flakao%)uqL hdka;%Kh'
*úoHq;ajdoYl hdka;%Kh'
*m%dKl=Kav, hdka;%Kh'
*Yla;Hqoa.u hdka;%Kh'
*hdkh whsfka msysgd we;s jl%m%idrK hdka;%Kh'
*hdkh uOHfha msysgd we;s Yla;smxcr hdka;%Kh'
*hdkfha ysfiys msysgd we;s YsryalS,L hdka;%Kh'
*Yíodl¾Il hdka;%Kh'
*mdg)m%idrK hdka;%Kh'
*hdkfha bÈß jïmi msysgd we;s ÈYdïm;s hdka;%Kh'
*hdkfha jy,h uOHfha msysgd we;s máldN%l hdka;%Kh'
*iQ¾h Yla;s wdl¾Yl hka;%h'
*úI jdhq ksl=;a lsÍug fhdod.;a wmiaudr hdka;%Kh'
*ia;ïNk hdka;%Kh'
*jHYajdkr kd,'
wms fï fjkfldg úudkhl uQ,sl fldgia iy tys uQ,sl l%shdldß;ajh fukau úudkdpd¾hjrfhla bf.k.; hq;= l%ufõo .ek;a oekf.k bjrhs'
fï ,sms fmf<a uq,au ,smsfha uu úudk j¾. j, kï lSmhla igyka lr,d ;snqKd Thd,g u;l we;s' tajd w;ßka wo wms l;d lrkak hkafka relau úudkh .ekhs'
uq,skau wms relau úudkhla lshkafka fldhsjf.a hdkhla o lsh,d n,uq' fï my<ska ;sfhkafka relau úudkhl ndysr fmkqfï o< igykla' ^ rEmigyka ish,a, Wmqgdf.k ;sfhkafka wka;¾cd,fhka &
ffjudksl Ydia;% fmdf;a i|yka fjk úÈyg relau úudkhla lsh,d lshkafka rkajka mdg .=jka hd;%djla' relau lsh,d lshkafka r;a;rka mdggÆ' fï hdkh rkajka mdg lsÍu i|yd j¾K idodf.k ;sfhkafka rdcf,dayh lshk f,dayh u.ska' lsishï ridhksl l%shdj,shlg ,la lsÍu ;=,ska rdcf,dayfha j¾Kh rka meyehg wdikak mdglg m;alsÍug yelshdjla ;snqKq nj lshefjkjd' úudk ;dlaIKhg wkqj relau úudkhla wksjd¾hfhkau rka meyefhka ksmoúh hq;= ksid tjeks hdkdjla ks¾udKh lsÍfïÈ lr ;sfnk uq,au ldßh fj,d ;sfhkafka rdcf,dayfhka rka meyeh ksmoùuhs' merKs bxðfkarefjda fï rka j¾Kh ksmojkak f.dvla uykais fj,d ;sfhkjd' thd,d fï j¾Kh ms<sfh, lf,a fldfyduo lsh,hs ux oeka ,shkak hkafka' fukak fïjd ;uhs ta wh mdúÉÑ lr,d ;sfhk ridhksl o%jH iy tajdfha wkqmd;''''
wefudakshï laf,darhsâ fldgia 4 hs' fnkaiSka fldgia 18 hs' Bhï fldgia 20 hs' uqyqÿ fmK fldgia 16 hs' whka mhsrhsÜia fldgia 6 hs' hlv fldgia 20 hs' riÈh fldgia 15 hs' laIdr;%h ^kefg%dka" fida,aÜ msg¾"fnd/laia& fldgia 28 hs' uhsld fldgia 20 hs' ߧ fldgia 17 hs' wefldkhsÜ fldgia 8 hs' fnx.d,s lv, kï OdkH j¾.h fldgia 32 hs' iy wjidk jYfhka mia f.da ri we;s ;rï m%udKhla' ^ mia f.da ri wrf.k ;sfhkafka ñY%Kfha uDÿ nj jeä lrkakÆ &' iuyrúg lÜáhg fï o%jH .ek tÉpr wjfndaOhla ke;s fjk mqÆjka' yenehs chemistry okak whgkï álla f;afrkjd we;s'
fldfyduyß fï ridhksl o%jH fyd|g ñY% lr,d fi,aishia wxYl 800 g;a jeä WIaK;ajhlg r;a lr,d ;uhs rdcf,dayh yodf.k ;sfhkafka' we;a;gu rdcf,dayh lshkafka ;ks f,dayhla fkfjhs' ridhksl o%jH ñY%Khlska yomq lD;%su f,dayhla'
oeka j¾K ks¾udKh .ek l;d l,d we;s' b;=re fldgia .ek;a l;d lruq' relau úudkfha hg fldgi y÷kajkafka mS; lsh,d' tal ks¾udKh lr,d ;sfhkafka leianEfjl=f.a yevhgÆ' ta fldgi idudkHfhka yo,d ;sfhkafka wä 1000 la È.g iy wähla >klu fjk wdldrhghs' ^ taflkau ys;d.kak mqÆjka fkao hdkfha m%udKh .ek &'
fï ;sfhkafka hdkfha yrialvl o< igykla'''
fï rEmh fyd¢ka ksÍlaIkh lf<d;a Thd,g fmfkaú by, fldgfia ;sfhk iq<x fm;s fol' fï rEmfha fmakafka 2 la jqkdg we;a;gu fï jf.a iq<xfm;s 4 la msysg,d ;sfhkjd' tajd fõ.fhka lrljd fõ.j;a iq<x Odrdjka fmdf<dj foig fhduq lr,d ;uhs hdkh by<g Tij,d ;sfhkafka' óg wu;rj pqïnl Yla;sh;a mdúÉÑ lr,d ;sfhkjd' fldfyduo wfma merKs uq;=kañ;a;kaf.a jev'''' ta ú;rla fkfjhs" fï wh úÿ,s n,h;a fhdodf.k ;sfhkjd wr iq<x fm;s lrljkak' fldfyduyß by,g tijqkq hdkh bÈßhg p,kh lr,d ;sfhkafka hdkh jfÜ ÈYd y;rg fhduq fjk úÈyg iú lr, ;snqKq ;j;a iq<x fm;s y;rlska Æ' ta ú;rla fkfjhs" fï úudkhg fndfydu f,dl= fõ.hl=;a ;sì,d ;sfhkjd' ta fldÉpro lshkjdkï úkdä 24 la ^isxy, mehla& jeks ld,hlÈ ie;mqï 250 la muK ÿrla hkak mq¿jka fj,d ;sfhkjd'
my<ska ;sfhkafka relau úudkfha mdou fyj;a mS; fldgfia rEm igykla'''''
oeka relau úudkh .ek;a Thd,g hï ;rul wjfndaOhla ;sfhkjdfka'
wms l;d lrkak hkafka iqkaor úudk .ekhs' tfykï uq,skau wms iqkaor úudkhl rEmhla wOHhkh lr,d buq'
fï hdkh;a yevfhka relau úudkhlg f.dvla iudkhs lsh,d ne¨ ne,augu Thd,g f;afrkak we;s' ndysr fmkqu iudk jqj;a ieleiau w;ska kï fjkialï olskak mq¿jka' iqkaor úudkhl mdou fyj;a ~mS;~ m%foaYh fldgia 8 lska iukaú; fjkjd' tajd kï∙
NQñ ;eáh fyj;a my,skau msysá mS; fldgi
*OQu ljq¿j
*jdhq wekaðka my
*NQcH kï f,day ngh
*iq<x mxldj
*úÿ,s W;amdol hka;%h
*isõuqyqKq ;dmlh
*ndysr wdjrKh
fuu iqkaor úudk j, mS; fldgi wksjd¾hfhkau rdcf,dayfhka iEÈh hq;= w;r th i;/ia fyda jD;a;dldr yevhla úh hq;=j ;snqKd' mdou jD;a;dldr jkafka kï idudkHfhka tys mßêh wä 100la ú;r jk f,i ;uhs ks¾udKh lr ;sfnkafka' fuys .klu kï wä 8 la ú;r fj,d ;sfhkjd'
fï úudkh uOHfhka by,g tijqKq m%Odk l=U.ila msysgd ;sfnk nj rEm igyfka oelafjkjd' fuh ye¢kafjkafka kd,ia:ïN kñka' fuh wä 56 la Wiska hqla; jk w;r úIalïNh wä 4 la ú;r fjkjd' hdkh ;=, úúO lghq;= i|yd wjYH jk jdhq j¾. .nvd lr ;nd we;af;a;a fï l=U.i m;=f,a msysgd we;s gexlshlhs'
ffjudksl Ydia;% fmdf;a i|yka fjkafka fï hdkh .=jka.; lrùug bkaOkhla f,i c,h o fhdod.;a njhs' fuys§ wêl f,i r;a l< c, jdIam fhdodf.k we;s w;r Bg wu;rj úoHq;a fldaI u.ska úÿ,s n,ho ,ndf.k ;sfhkjd' fï úoHq;a fldaI iú lr we;af;a hdkfha jïmig jkakghs'
hdkh Wvg tiùfï ld¾hh isÿ lr ;sfnkafka jd;m%idrK hka;% kue;s hka;%hla u.ska' fuu hka;%h iE§ug;a úfYaI f,dayhla mdúÉÑ lr,d ;sfhkjd' ta f,dayh jd;ñ;% lsh,d ;uhs y÷kajkafka' fuh;a rdcf,dayh jdf.au fjk;a ridhksl o%jH /ila fhdodf.k ks¾udKh lrkq ,nkakla'
iqkaor úudkfha fõ.h .ek l;d lrkjdkï" fuhg b;d flá ld, mrdihla ;=, ie;mqï 3600 la ÿr hdug yelshdj ;sì,d ;sfhkjd' fuys iq<x mxld j, N%uK fõ.h ,skal 2500 la lsh,d ;uhs i|yka fjkafka'
b;=re úudk 2 .ek wms l,ska ,smshl m, lrd my; tlka Link n,kak
"Vimanas" - The Ancient Flying Machines
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